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Caesium atomic clock12/2/2023 Simply put, the atom has two ground states. The operation of a cesium-beam atomic clock is based on the transition between two states in the cesium atom. The 10 12 accuracy of cesium atomic clocks means an error no greater than 400 microseconds in 12 years. A typical cesium clock is shown in Figure 1.ġ. In fact, the International Standards' (SI) definition of the second is based on the CS-133 isotope of cesium. In all these systems, the cesium atom provides the basis of timing since the original timing reference is predicated on cesium atomic clocks. GPS and GLONASS, for example, provide such a frequency reference utilizing a satellite network and LORAN does so through a terrestrial system. In the indirect method, a radio receiver receives timing frequency signals that are used to extract a frequency reference traceable back to a primary atomic standard. (ITU-T Recommendation G.811, Timing requirements at the outputs of primary reference clocks suitable for plesiochronous operation of international digital links, is available at ANSI TI1.101 Synchronization Interface Standard is available at A PRS can be provided directly with a stand-alone clock or indirectly. Relevant network and telecom standards such as ITU-T G.811 and ANSI T1.101 define a primary reference source as one with a frequency offset of less than 1×10 -11. Precision synchronization is essential for maintaining network reliability, efficiency, and performance. It provides the precise and accurate synchronization and timing essential for the reliable and efficient transmission of voice, video, and data throughout every type of digital network. The PRS acts as the heartbeat of the network. As a practical matter of maintaining a high quality of transmission network-wide, however, every node in a communication network requires access to a primary reference source (PRS). Its state-of-the-art solutions are based on the company's long heritage in the field of synchronisation and timing and vertical integration of its core timing technologies.Ideally, there should be zero frequency offset between any two interconnected network elements. Microchip provides the broadest portfolio of clock and timing systems in the industry. The 5071B is now fully compliant with the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, making this product available in regions where regulatory policies are in place. The stability of the 5071B enables more accurate locations and continued operation during GNSS outages. Air traffic control in the US utilises the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast and Wide Area Multilateration to precisely locate the position of aircraft across the nation's airspace. When deployed, a product like the 5071B could maintain and better synchronise the critical communication between an aircraft and control tower. In satellite communications, this enables the user to broadcast and transmit over very small frequency bands without drifting out of band for the entire duration of the product. "Our customers can rely on the 5071B's technology for years to come and implement a timing and frequency solution with confidence in continuity of supply and modern components, which eliminates obsolescence concerns."Īs a cesium beam tube product with no deterministic long-term frequency drift, the 5071B provides absolute frequency accuracy of 5E-13 or 500 quadrillionths over all specified environmental conditions for the life of the product.įor military applications requiring rapid deployments for system radars, 5E-13 stability eliminates the need for the acquisition of external synchronisation sources prior to radiating. With the upgraded 5071B, Microchip continues its position as the industry leader in complex timing solutions," said Randy Brudzinski, vice president, Microchip's frequency and time systems business unit. "The 5071A has been the world's premier time and frequency standard for decades. For example, this capability would enable a 5G network to remain fully operational for months without GNSS. The product provides 100ns holdover for more than two months, maintaining system synchronisation when GNSS signals like GPS are denied. The 5071B has upgraded electronic components to address possible obsolescence or non-RoHS circuitry. The 5071B is available in a three-unit height (3U) 19-inch rackmount enclosure, providing a compact product to work in environments where it can be easily transported and secured versus a larger alternative designed specifically for laboratory environments. Microchip's 5071B is the next-generation commercial cesium clock to the existing 5071A, which has been the primary contributor to international time for more than three decades.
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